Perception of Spoken English (POSE) Test

Contrast Analysis

The table below shows the number of native speakers at the given level of English ability (self-reported) who have completed that section of the Perception of Spoken English (POSE) Test. Click on the number to view the aggregated results of that section for the given population.

V = Vowels
C = Consonants
WS = Word Stress
I1 = Intonation 1
I2 = Intonation 2
SS1 = Sentence Stress 1
SS2 = Sentence Stress 2

For more information about each section of the POSE Test, see the Preview page.

Afrikaans	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	128	30	25	17	22	18	25
Low Intermediate	6	4	4	2	2	3	4
High Intermediate	5	4	2	1	1	2	1
Low Advanced	7	6	3	2	2	2	2
High Advanced	2	1	-	-	-	-	-

Albanian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	-	-	1	1	-	1	1
High Intermediate	7	2	32	9	3	10	12
Low Advanced	7	5	41	17	4	18	22
High Advanced	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Arabic	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	88	55	60	64	61	52	48
High Beginner	88	53	46	41	37	33	27
Low Intermediate	161	98	74	65	90	55	54
High Intermediate	163	104	117	85	79	77	75
Low Advanced	131	81	196	77	44	75	73
High Advanced	63	32	37	24	15	20	19

Armenian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	6	4	2	3	5	3	3
High Intermediate	3	3	2	2	2	2	2
Low Advanced	3	1	3	3	1	1	1
High Advanced	4	2	1	1	1	1	1

Balinese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	4	2	3	2	2	2	1

Bengali	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	2	1	2	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	8	7	7	6	14	6	9
Low Intermediate	28	20	18	17	19	16	15
High Intermediate	39	23	16	11	16	11	12
Low Advanced	7	6	5	4	7	4	5
High Advanced	6	4	2	2	2	2	2

Bosnian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Advanced	-	-	-	1	-	-	-

Bulgarian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Advanced	2	2	2	1	1	-	-
High Advanced	6	4	3	4	3	1	1

Burmese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	3	1	1	1	1	1	-
Low Intermediate	4	4	4	3	3	2	2
High Intermediate	8	5	5	2	2	1	1
Low Advanced	6	1	8	3	-	3	3
High Advanced	2	1	1	-	-	-	-

Catalan	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
High Beginner	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	1	1	1	1	-	-
High Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-

Chinese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	285	186	172	138	155	141	158
High Beginner	229	134	113	92	94	92	102
Low Intermediate	956	605	514	414	461	432	481
High Intermediate	884	531	469	386	418	390	396
Low Advanced	336	198	157	133	128	139	140
High Advanced	160	83	67	61	56	55	55

Croatian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Czech	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	1	2	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Danish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	-	1	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	1	1	-	1	-	-	-

Dutch	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	5	2	1	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	6	7	3	3	1	1	1
Low Advanced	3	2	1	2	2	2	1
High Advanced	8	2	2	2	1	1	1

English	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	110	70	59	56	59	48	49
High Beginner	65	35	33	37	39	32	31
Low Intermediate	174	109	97	70	67	66	72
High Intermediate	160	104	110	85	81	73	73
Low Advanced	76	53	51	33	26	29	29
High Advanced	193	132	138	117	117	107	103

English (Australian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	8	2	1	1	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	8	5	2	1	1	1	1
High Advanced	2	1	1	1	2	-	-

English (British)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	9	4	4	3	4	4	3
High Beginner	11	7	7	7	13	5	6
Low Intermediate	12	10	7	8	10	7	7
High Intermediate	26	11	9	5	7	4	6
Low Advanced	95	82	11	10	11	9	6
High Advanced	43	21	14	12	7	8	8

English (Canadian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	8	4	3	3	3	3	3
High Beginner	5	2	2	2	4	2	4
Low Intermediate	20	11	14	7	8	7	7
High Intermediate	21	9	10	6	10	8	6
Low Advanced	6	5	5	3	5	3	4
High Advanced	14	6	4	4	3	4	3

English (U.S.)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	43	27	22	15	20	14	15
High Beginner	33	15	10	10	11	9	9
Low Intermediate	65	43	28	23	24	21	21
High Intermediate	66	38	44	25	32	25	22
Low Advanced	38	27	42	23	20	25	22
High Advanced	154	100	97	100	102	94	99

Estonian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	1	-	1	1	1	-	-

Fijian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	1	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	-	1	-	-	-	-	-

Filipino	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	24	3	2	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	37	3	3	3	2	3	3
Low Intermediate	109	13	9	6	6	6	6
High Intermediate	100	11	9	8	9	7	7
Low Advanced	36	7	5	5	4	4	3
High Advanced	38	9	2	5	3	3	2

Finnish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	2	1	1	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	2	2	1	2	1	2	2
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Flemish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

French (Canadian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	2	1	1	1	2	1
High Intermediate	3	1	1	1	-	1	1
Low Advanced	5	3	4	1	-	-	1
High Advanced	2	1	1	1	1	1	1

French (Swiss)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	-	-	-	1	1	1	1
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	3	1	4	1	1	1	1

French	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	4	4	2	2	1	1	2
High Beginner	9	6	3	3	2	2	1
Low Intermediate	29	17	14	14	15	13	11
High Intermediate	39	25	20	9	11	9	14
Low Advanced	31	19	31	13	9	13	12
High Advanced	13	7	5	6	7	5	6

Georgian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Advanced	4	1	-	1	2	-	-

German (Austrian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	5	3	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	11	9	4	4	4	3	3
High Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-

German	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	-	-	2	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	5	6	3	3	3	3	2
High Intermediate	15	8	4	5	3	2	1
Low Advanced	10	8	4	6	2	3	2
High Advanced	9	5	6	7	5	6	4

Greek	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	15	5	10	3	3	2	6
High Beginner	3	2	1	1	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	1	1	1	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	16	12	6	10	4	6	6

Hebrew	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	3	2	-	2	-	-	1
High Intermediate	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	5	4	3	3	4	3	3
High Advanced	4	3	1	1	1	1	1

Hindi	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	3	3	10	4	5	4	6
High Beginner	3	1	4	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	20	16	6	5	4	5	4
High Intermediate	44	31	19	17	18	17	16
Low Advanced	27	22	20	13	10	11	10
High Advanced	20	11	12	6	8	9	5

Hungarian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	2	1	1	1	-	1	1
High Intermediate	4	1	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	3	-	-	-	-	-	-

Icelandic	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Advanced	1	1	-	1	-	-	-

Indonesian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	4	4	5	4	6	2	2
High Beginner	10	6	7	6	15	5	5
Low Intermediate	101	48	68	40	100	43	86
High Intermediate	22	21	5	5	12	5	6
Low Advanced	14	10	5	5	4	5	5
High Advanced	3	1	1	-	-	1	1

Italian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	10	5	7	2	3	2	2
High Beginner	7	5	2	2	2	2	2
Low Intermediate	12	6	5	7	5	6	7
High Intermediate	22	14	11	8	7	8	8
Low Advanced	15	10	8	8	7	7	7
High Advanced	15	7	5	6	4	5	5

Japanese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	46	38	29	27	27	25	23
High Beginner	56	48	30	29	32	26	28
Low Intermediate	79	59	43	37	38	35	36
High Intermediate	94	64	45	36	31	32	27
Low Advanced	27	17	9	6	7	5	4
High Advanced	15	13	4	3	3	3	2

Javanese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Kashmiri	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Advanced	2	2	-	-	-	-	-

Kazakh	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
High Beginner	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	2	1	6	1	1	1	1
High Intermediate	9	2	15	3	3	3	2
Low Advanced	6	2	10	1	-	2	-
High Advanced	2	-	6	-	-	-	-

Khmer	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-

Korean	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	49	35	27	21	21	21	18
High Beginner	49	36	27	24	24	26	23
Low Intermediate	159	120	89	83	81	78	78
High Intermediate	119	107	89	76	77	77	77
Low Advanced	37	31	26	23	20	21	20
High Advanced	28	15	8	10	8	10	8

Kurdish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	2	1	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	6	5	3	4	4	3	3
Low Advanced	3	2	1	1	3	1	2
High Advanced	2	2	1	1	1	1	1

Latin	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	3	2	7	2	9	6	2

Latvian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	-	1	-	-	-	-	-

Lithuanian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Intermediate	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Low Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Macedonian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	1	1	1	2	-	-
Low Advanced	2	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Malay	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Mongolian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	2	2	-	-	-	-	2
High Intermediate	6	3	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	2	2	4	1	-	1	4
High Advanced	2	2	1	2	1	1	1

Nepali	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	7	2	2	2	4	2	4
High Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	20	7	12	7	11	5	7
High Intermediate	8	4	3	1	1	3	3
Low Advanced	5	5	5	4	2	4	4
High Advanced	5	3	3	1	1	1	1

Norwegian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Persian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	18	11	12	11	18	10	12
High Beginner	23	12	14	12	19	13	20
Low Intermediate	98	75	83	67	78	67	68
High Intermediate	100	75	65	55	62	58	57
Low Advanced	52	33	34	22	23	28	25
High Advanced	60	32	34	20	32	15	21

Polish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	3	2	2	2	4	2	2
Low Intermediate	3	1	1	1	-	-	-
High Intermediate	5	3	1	2	1	1	1
Low Advanced	9	7	5	4	4	4	4
High Advanced	12	8	2	6	2	1	3

Portuguese (Brazilian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	8	4	2	1	1	1	14
High Beginner	18	9	6	5	4	6	17
Low Intermediate	47	29	22	15	14	12	32
High Intermediate	65	33	18	17	19	14	31
Low Advanced	56	33	24	21	16	17	28
High Advanced	68	32	22	16	13	18	17

Portuguese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	-	-	-	-	-	1
High Beginner	3	-	-	-	-	-	2
Low Intermediate	3	1	1	-	-	-	1
High Intermediate	6	4	1	1	-	-	1
High Advanced	11	7	1	2	1	1	1

Punjabi	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	3	3	1	1	3	1	1
Low Advanced	2	2	6	3	1	3	3
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Romanian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	3	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	7	6	5	4	4	3	4
High Intermediate	2	1	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	4	3	1	1	4	1	1
High Advanced	3	1	2	1	1	1	1

Russian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	14	11	8	9	7	8	8
High Beginner	24	16	11	11	14	10	10
Low Intermediate	168	108	89	87	85	80	80
High Intermediate	228	128	101	90	84	77	80
Low Advanced	223	85	69	62	46	50	50
High Advanced	146	51	35	37	25	28	21

Serbian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	2	1	-	1	-	1	-
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	3	2	10	4	2	4	4
High Advanced	3	1	-	1	-	-	-

Slovak	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Low Advanced	2	-	1	-	1	-	-
High Advanced	1	1	-	-	-	-	-

Slovenian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Intermediate	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
High Advanced	1	1	1	1	-	-	-

Spanish (Iberian)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	3	5	1	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	9	7	3	2	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	48	29	14	15	14	12	13
High Intermediate	32	27	18	13	11	11	10
Low Advanced	13	11	12	8	7	11	9
High Advanced	8	3	2	7	3	3	3

Spanish (Latin American)	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	73	37	37	29	52	30	33
High Beginner	65	41	35	25	32	25	23
Low Intermediate	296	161	117	97	110	91	90
High Intermediate	396	262	189	147	163	146	172
Low Advanced	230	131	109	79	69	75	86
High Advanced	134	73	49	41	45	40	45

Spanish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	32	19	11	8	7	8	8
High Beginner	41	30	15	12	12	14	13
Low Intermediate	130	72	41	30	37	30	32
High Intermediate	157	106	68	65	87	53	54
Low Advanced	71	50	55	36	42	36	40
High Advanced	47	25	20	15	11	12	15

Swahili	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	3	2	3	2	2	2	2
High Intermediate	5	4	5	2	1	1	-
Low Advanced	9	4	17	6	6	8	5
High Advanced	3	3	22	4	2	5	5

Swedish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	8	6	4	6	4	4	3
High Beginner	26	23	12	20	10	12	11
Low Intermediate	79	68	46	63	52	48	46
High Intermediate	168	151	91	148	88	95	95
Low Advanced	112	105	52	99	47	56	55
High Advanced	93	80	40	73	43	41	41

Tamil	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Beginner	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	7	5	8	4	6	5	5
High Intermediate	4	3	-	-	-	-	-
Low Advanced	9	7	5	2	1	2	1
High Advanced	8	7	2	1	1	1	1

Telugu	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Intermediate	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	16	11	7	3	7	4	5
Low Advanced	3	3	1	1	1	1	1
High Advanced	6	6	1	-	-	-	-

Thai	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	3	2	1	1	2	1	1
High Beginner	8	6	5	5	5	5	5
Low Intermediate	14	9	7	5	6	5	5
High Intermediate	22	17	9	7	8	6	6
Low Advanced	5	2	3	1	1	1	1
High Advanced	1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Turkish	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	7	6	6	4	2	3	3
High Beginner	18	13	13	10	6	3	4
Low Intermediate	185	151	143	122	70	57	52
High Intermediate	253	178	200	137	98	62	62
Low Advanced	288	182	266	150	111	78	62
High Advanced	116	54	111	53	43	20	16

Ukrainian	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	6	4	4	3	3	4	4
Low Intermediate	30	22	7	5	4	5	7
High Intermediate	68	49	14	10	11	13	12
Low Advanced	66	33	51	25	8	23	22
High Advanced	28	8	8	7	5	7	6

Urdu	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
High Beginner	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Low Intermediate	8	5	3	4	1	2	2
High Intermediate	29	21	9	4	6	8	6
Low Advanced	13	10	9	5	7	7	9
High Advanced	8	6	2	2	-	2	1

Uzbek	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
High Beginner	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Low Intermediate	1	1	2	1	1	1	2
High Intermediate	4	4	4	4	2	4	2
Low Advanced	5	2	5	3	2	2	2
High Advanced	3	1	1	1	1	1	1

Vietnamese	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	30	25	14	12	13	11	13
High Beginner	44	28	19	11	18	15	9
Low Intermediate	113	102	70	41	55	53	37
High Intermediate	132	79	62	38	48	47	35
Low Advanced	51	25	22	18	18	16	17
High Advanced	20	6	3	3	3	3	3

Other Language	V	C	WS	I1	I2	SS1	SS2
Low Beginner	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
High Intermediate	1	1	-	-	-	-	-

Pronunciation Matters

Created by Innovative Online Solutions LLC

Phonemic Contrast
Example	beet / bit
% Correct	69%
Functional Loada	95%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	bit / bet
% Correct	68%
Functional Loada	54%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	bet / bait
% Correct	73%
Functional Loada	53%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	bet / bat
% Correct	64%
Functional Loada	51%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	cat / cot
% Correct	86%
Functional Loada	76%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	cot / cart
% Correct	59%
Functional Loada	31.5%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	cot / cut
% Correct	78%
Functional Loada	65%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	cot / coat
% Correct	68%
Functional Loada	---b
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrast
Example	cut / curt
% Correct	67%
Functional Loada	40%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrast
Example	putt / put
% Correct	91%
Functional Loada	9%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrast
Example	pull / pool
% Correct	79%
Functional Loada	7%
# of Items	2
aSource: Catford, 1987, pp. 89-90. bThis contrast was included because of its existence in Pronunciation Matters (Henrichsen, Green, Nishitani & Bagley, 1999) even though no functional load information was available.

Phonemic Contrasta
Example	pill / bill
% Correct	84%
Functional Loadb	98%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	cap / cab
% Correct	68%
Functional Loadb	14%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	pan / fan
% Correct	100%
Functional Loadb	77%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	cup / cuff
% Correct	78%
Functional Loadb	17%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	vote / boat
% Correct	74%
Functional Loadb	29%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	vet / wet
% Correct	98%
Functional Loadb	22%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	fan / van
% Correct	98%
Functional Loadb	23%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	free / three
% Correct	89%
Functional Loadb	15%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	thin / tin
% Correct	60%
Functional Loadb	18%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	bath / bat
% Correct	65%
Functional Loadb	27%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	think / sink
% Correct	92%
Functional Loadb	21%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	faith / face
% Correct	93%
Functional Loadb	17%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	they / day
% Correct	95%
Functional Loadb	19%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	cart / card
% Correct	77%
Functional Loadb	72%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	nap / lap
% Correct	92%
Functional Loadb	61%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	bone / bowl
% Correct	91%
Functional Loadb	75%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	lice / rice
% Correct	99%
Functional Loadb	83%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	ice / eyes
% Correct	57%
Functional Loadb	38%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	sip / ship
% Correct	77%
Functional Loadb	53%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	shin / chin
% Correct	88%
Functional Loadb	26%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	wash / watch
% Correct	67%
Functional Loadb	12%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	choke / joke
% Correct	53%
Functional Loadb	19%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	jail / Yale
% Correct	73%
Functional Loadb	20.5%
# of Items	2
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	coat / goat
% Correct	84%
Functional Loadb	50%
# of Items	4
Phonemic Contrasta
Example	tack / tag
% Correct	69%
Functional Loadb	29%
# of Items	4
aIncludes both syllable-initial ("INIT.") and syllable-final ("FIN.") sounds. Syllable-medial sounds were not incorporated because no functional load information was available. bSource: Catford, 1987, pp. 89-90.

2 Syllables, Stress on the 1st
% Correct	81%
# of Items	5
2 Syllables, Stress on the 2nd
% Correct	63%
# of Items	5
3 Syllables, Stress on the 1st
% Correct	91%
# of Items	10
4 Syllables, Stress on the 2nd
% Correct	91%
# of Items	8
4 Syllables, Stress on the 3rd
% Correct	64%
# of Items	2
5 Syllables, Stress on the 2nd
% Correct	87%
# of Items	4
5 Syllables, Stress on the 3rd
% Correct	96%
# of Items	4
5 Syllables, Stress on the 4th
% Correct	94%
# of Items	2

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	95% correct	10 items
	99% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	83% correct	10 items
	86% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	100% correct	10 items
	100% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	60% correct	10 items
	70% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	80% correct	10 items
	65% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	40% correct	10 items
	20% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	57% correct	10 items
	70% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	92% correct	10 items
	94% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	50% correct	10 items
	43% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	96% correct	10 items
	97% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	98% correct	10 items
	98% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	73% correct	10 items
	66% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	71% correct	10 items
	71% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	93% correct	10 items
	100% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	90% correct	10 items
	80% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	68% correct	10 items
	62% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	56% correct	10 items
	58% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	63% correct	10 items
	57% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	61% correct	10 items
	63% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	82% correct	10 items
	78% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	87% correct	10 items
	88% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	85% correct	10 items
	83% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	89% correct	10 items
	87% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	75% correct	10 items
	72% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	74% correct	10 items
	70% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	76% correct	10 items
	73% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	79% correct	10 items
	69% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	81% correct	10 items
	78% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	64% correct	10 items
	64% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	59% correct	10 items
	57% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of tag questions (i.e. asking for information or making a comment).
	84% correct	10 items
	76% correct	10 items

This section tests perception of rising and falling intonation at the end of questions and statements.
	91% correct	10 items
	93% correct	10 items